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reasons for leaving institutional practice. coined in 1980, in an attempt to bring out
Men cited higher compensation, leadership the imperceptible obstacles that women
opportunities as their incentives while women face on their rise to leadership. In 1999 the
quoted personal reasons. An integral part term was applied to plastic surgery and
finding the right balance involves sensitizing was paraphrased as the ‘Plastic Ceiling
men on sharing home and child care duties. Effect’ to explain the gender gap among
plastic surgeons in powerful key positions.
An interesting study in 2006, which analyzed
the paucity of women in leadership positions Assertive behavior, directness, self-confidence
rejected the idea of attributing this disparity and self-promotion negatively impact a
to lack of women entering these professions woman’s likability and are viewed as failure
or lack of commitment on behalf of to exude feminity. This role incongruity
women. It rather pointed towards the most emanates from the socio-cultural difference
significant barrier – systematic gender bias. in labeling women as dependent, nurturing
and modest and associating men with
The term ‘Glass Ceiling Effect’ was adjectives like independent, career oriented.
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